React Router 速查表

React Router速查表包含 React Router 6.x 最重要概念、函数、方法等，帮助初学者快速掌握React Router，建议提前熟练掌握 react 库。

入门

安装使用

$ npm create vite@latest myApp --\
     --template react
# 按照提示操作
$ cd <myApp>
$ npm install react-router-dom \
    localforage \
    match-sorter \
    sort-by
$ npm run dev

添加路由器

import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom/client";
import {
  createBrowserRouter,
  RouterProvider,
} from "react-router-dom";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <div>Hello world!</div>,
  },
]);

const root=document.getElementById('root');

ReactDOM.createRoot(root).render(
  <React.StrictMode>
    <RouterProvider router={router} />
  </React.StrictMode>
);

根路由

import Root from "./routes/root";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
  },
]);

处理未找到错误

import ErrorPage from "./error-page";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    errorElement: <ErrorPage />,
  },
]);

contacts 用户界面

import Contact from "./routes/contact";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    errorElement: <ErrorPage />,
  },
  {
    path: "contacts/:contactId",
    element: <Contact />,
  },
]);

嵌套路由

src/main.jsx

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    errorElement: <ErrorPage />,
    children: [
      {
        path: "contacts/:contactId",
        element: <Contact />,
      },
    ],
  },
]);

src/routes/root.jsx

import { Outlet } from "react-router-dom";

export default function Root() {
  return (
    <>
      {/* 所有其他元素 */}
      <div id="detail">
        <Outlet />
      </div>
    </>
  );
}

客户端路由

import {
  Outlet, Link
} from "react-router-dom";

export default function Root() {
  return (
    <ul>
      <li>
        <Link to={`contacts/1`}>
          Your Name
        </Link>
      </li>
      <li>
        <Link to={`contacts/2`}>
          Your Friend
        </Link>
      </li>
    </ul>
  );
}

创建联系人

创建动作并将 <form> 更改为 <Form>

import {
  Outlet,
  Link,
  useLoaderData,
  Form,
} from "react-router-dom";
import {
  getContacts, createContact
} from "../contacts";

export async function action() {
  const contact = await createContact();
  return { contact };
}
export default function Root() {
  const { contacts } = useLoaderData();
  return (
    <div id="sidebar">
      <h1>React Router Contacts</h1>
      <Form method="post">
        <button type="submit">New</button>
      </Form>
    </div>
  );
}

导入并设置路由上的 action

import Root, {
  loader as rootLoader,
  action as rootAction,
} from "./routes/root";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    errorElement: <ErrorPage />,
    loader: rootLoader,
    action: rootAction,
    children: [
      {
        path: "contacts/:contactId",
        element: <Contact />,
      },
    ],
  },
]);

加载程序中的 URL 参数

[
  {
    path: "contacts/:contactId",
    element: <Contact />,
  },
];

:contactId URL 段。 冒号（:）具有特殊含义，将其变成“动态段”

import {
  useLoaderData
} from "react-router-dom";
import { getContact } from "../contacts";

export async function loader({ params }) {
  return getContact(params.contactId);
}

export default function Contact() {
  const contact = useLoaderData();
  // existing code
}

在路由上配置 loader

import Contact, {
  loader as contactLoader,
} from "./routes/contact";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    errorElement: <ErrorPage />,
    loader: rootLoader,
    action: rootAction,
    children: [
      {
        path: "contacts/:contactId",
        element: <Contact />,
        loader: contactLoader,
      },
    ],
  },
]);

更新数据

import {
  Form, useLoaderData
} from "react-router-dom";

export default function EditContact() {
  const contact = useLoaderData();

  return (
    <Form method="post" id="contact-form">
      <label>
        <span>Twitter</span>
        <input
          type="text"
          name="twitter"
          placeholder="@jack"
          defaultValue={contact.twitter}
        />
      </label>
      <label>
        <span>Notes</span>
        <textarea
          name="notes"
          defaultValue={contact.notes}
          rows={6}
        />
      </label>
      <p>
        <button type="submit">保存</button>
        <button type="button">取消</button>
      </p>
    </Form>
  );
}

添加新的编辑路由

import EditContact from "./routes/edit";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    errorElement: <ErrorPage />,
    loader: rootLoader,
    action: rootAction,
    children: [
      {
        path: "contacts/:contactId",
        element: <Contact />,
        loader: contactLoader,
      },
      {
        path: "contacts/:contactId/edit",
        element: <EditContact />,
        loader: contactLoader,
      },
    ],
  },
]);

活动链接样式

import {
  NavLink,
} from "react-router-dom";

<NavLink
  to={`contacts/${contact.id}`}
  className={({ isActive, isPending }) =>
    isActive
      ? "active"
      : isPending
      ? "pending"
      : ""
  }
>
  {/* other code */}
</NavLink>

全局待定用户界面

import {
  useNavigation,
} from "react-router-dom";

export default function Root() {
  const { contacts } = useLoaderData();
  const navigation = useNavigation();

  return (
    <div
      id="detail"
      className={
        navigation.state === 'loading'
          ? 'loading' : ''
      }
    >
      <Outlet />
    </div>
  );
}

使用 FormData 更新联系人

向编辑模块添加一个动作

import {
  Form,
  useLoaderData,
  redirect,
} from "react-router-dom";
import { updateContact } from "../contacts";

export async function action({ request, params }) {
  const formData = await request.formData();
  const updates = Object.fromEntries(formData);
  await updateContact(params.contactId, updates);
  return redirect(`/contacts/${params.contactId}`);
}

将动作连接到路由

import EditContact, {
  action as editAction,
} from "./routes/edit";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    errorElement: <ErrorPage />,
    loader: rootLoader,
    action: rootAction,
    children: [
      {
        path: "contacts/:contactId",
        element: <Contact />,
        loader: contactLoader,
      },
      {
        path: "contacts/:contactId/edit",
        element: <EditContact />,
        loader: contactLoader,
        action: editAction,
      },
    ],
  },
]);

删除记录

<Form
  method="post"
  action="destroy"
  onSubmit={(event) => {
    if (!confirm("请确认您要删除此记录")) {
      event.preventDefault();
    }
  }}
>
  <button type="submit">删除</button>
</Form>

添加销毁动作

import {redirect} from "react-router-dom";
import {deleteContact} from "../contacts";

export async function action({ params }) {
  await deleteContact(params.contactId);
  return redirect("/");
}

将 destroy 路由添加到路由配置中

import {
  action as destroyAction
} from "./routes/destroy";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    children: [
      {
       path: "contacts/:contactId/destroy",
       action: destroyAction,
      },
    ],
  },
]);

上下文错误

export async function action({ params }) {
  throw new Error("oh dang!");
  await deleteContact(params.contactId);
  return redirect("/");
}

让我们为 destroy 路由创建上下文错误消息：

[
  {
    path: "contacts/:contactId/destroy",
    action: destroyAction,
    errorElement: <div>哎呀！有一个错误</div>,
  },
];

首页路由

import Index from "./routes/index";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    errorElement: <ErrorPage />,
    loader: rootLoader,
    action: rootAction,
    children: [
      { index: true, element: <Index /> },
    ],
  },
]);

取消按钮

import {
  Form,
  useLoaderData,
  redirect,
  useNavigate,
} from "react-router-dom";

export default function Edit() {
  const contact = useLoaderData();
  const navigate = useNavigate();

  return (
    <Form method="post" id="contact-form">
      <div>
        <button type="submit">保存</button>
        <button
          type="button"
          onClick={() => {
            navigate(-1);
          }}
        >
          取消
        </button>
      </div>
    </Form>
  );
}

使用客户端路由获取提交

将 <form> 更改为 <Form>

<Form id="search-form" role="search">
  <input
    id="q"
    aria-label="Search contacts"
    placeholder="Search"
    type="search"
    name="q"
  />
</Form>

如果有 URLSearchParams 过滤列表

export async function loader({ request }) {
  const url = new URL(request.url);
  const q = url.searchParams.get("q");
  const contacts = await getContacts(q);
  return { contacts };
}

将 URL 同步到表单状态

export async function loader({ request }) {
  const url = new URL(request.url);
  const q = url.searchParams.get("q");
  const contacts = await getContacts(q);
  return { contacts, q };
}

export default function Root() {
  const { contacts, q } = useLoaderData();
  const navigation = useNavigation();

  return (
    <Form id="search-form" role="search">
      <input
        id="q"
        aria-label="Search contacts"
        placeholder="Search"
        type="search"
        name="q"
        defaultValue={q}
      />
      {/* existing code */}
    </Form>
  );
}

将输入值与 URL 搜索参数同步

import { useEffect } from "react";

export default function Root() {
  const { contacts, q } = useLoaderData();
  const navigation = useNavigation();

  useEffect(() => {
    document.getElementById("q").value = q;
  }, [q]);
}

提交变更 Forms

import {
  useSubmit,
} from "react-router-dom";

export default function Root() {
  const { contacts, q } = useLoaderData();
  const navigation = useNavigation();
  const submit = useSubmit();

  return (
    <Form id="search-form" role="search">
      <input
        id="q"
        aria-label="Search contacts"
        placeholder="Search"
        type="search"
        name="q"
        defaultValue={q}
        onChange={(event) => {
          submit(event.currentTarget.form);
        }}
      />
      {/* existing code */}
    </Form>
  );
}

Routers

挑选路由器

在 v6.4 中，引入了支持新数据 API 的新路由器：

:----
createBrowserRouter#
createMemoryRouter#
createHashRouter#

以下路由器不支持数据 data API：

:----
<BrowserRouter>#
<MemoryRouter>#
<HashRouter>#
<NativeRouter>#
<StaticRouter>#

路由示例

快速更新到 v6.4 的最简单方法是从 createRoutesFromElements 获得帮助，因此您无需将 <Route> 元素转换为路由对象

import {
  createBrowserRouter,
  createRoutesFromElements,
  Route,
  RouterProvider,
} from "react-router-dom";

const router = createBrowserRouter(
  createRoutesFromElements(
    <Route path="/" element={<Root />}>
      <Route path="dashboard" element={<Dashboard />} />
      {/* ... etc. */}
    </Route>
  )
);

ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root")).render(
  <React.StrictMode>
    <RouterProvider router={router} />
  </React.StrictMode>
);

createBrowserRouter

import * as React from "react";
import * as ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import {
  createBrowserRouter,
  RouterProvider,
} from "react-router-dom";

import Root, {rootLoader} from "./root";
import Team, {teamLoader} from "./team";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    loader: rootLoader,
    children: [
      {
        path: "team",
        element: <Team />,
        loader: teamLoader,
      },
    ],
  },
]);

const root=document.getElementById('root');

ReactDOM.createRoot(root).render(
  <RouterProvider router={router} />
);

Type Declaration

function createBrowserRouter(
  routes: RouteObject[],
  opts?: {
    basename?: string;
    window?: Window;
  }
): RemixRouter;

routes

createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    loader: rootLoader,
    children: [
      {
        path: "events/:id",
        element: <Event />,
        loader: eventLoader,
      },
    ],
  },
]);

basename 用于您无法部署到域的根目录，而是部署到子目录的情况

createBrowserRouter(routes, {
  basename: "/app",
});

createBrowserRouter(routes, {
  basename: "/app",
});
<Link to="/" />;
// results in <a href="/app" />

createBrowserRouter(routes, {
  basename: "/app/",
});
<Link to="/" />;
// results in <a href="/app/" />

createHashRouter

import * as React from "react";
import * as ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import {
  createHashRouter,
  RouterProvider,
} from "react-router-dom";

import Root, { rootLoader } from "./root";
import Team, { teamLoader } from "./team";

const router = createHashRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    loader: rootLoader,
    children: [
      {
        path: "team",
        element: <Team />,
        loader: teamLoader,
      },
    ],
  },
]);

const root=document.getElementById('root');

ReactDOM.createRoot(root).render(
  <RouterProvider router={router} />
);

createMemoryRouter

import {
  RouterProvider,
  createMemoryRouter,
} from "react-router-dom";
import * as React from "react";
import {
  render,
  waitFor,
  screen,
} from "@testing-library/react";
import "@testing-library/jest-dom";
import CalendarEvent from "./event";

test("event route", async () => {
  const FAKE_EVENT = { name: "测试事件" };
  const routes = [
    {
      path: "/events/:id",
      element: <CalendarEvent />,
      loader: () => FAKE_EVENT,
    },
  ];

  const router=createMemoryRouter(routes,{
    initialEntries: ["/", "/events/123"],
    initialIndex: 1,
  });

  render(
    <RouterProvider router={router} />
  );

  await waitFor(
    () => screen.getByRole("heading")
  );
  expect(screen.getByRole("heading"))
    .toHaveTextContent(
    FAKE_EVENT.name
  );
});

initialEntries

createMemoryRouter(routes, {
  initialEntries: ["/", "/events/123"],
});

initialIndex

createMemoryRouter(routes, {
  initialEntries: ["/", "/events/123"],
  initialIndex: 1,
  // start at "/events/123"
});

<RouterProvider>

import {
  createBrowserRouter,
  RouterProvider,
} from "react-router-dom";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    children: [
      {
        path: "dashboard",
        element: <Dashboard />,
      },
      {
        path: "about",
        element: <About />,
      },
    ],
  },
]);

const root=document.getElementById('root');

ReactDOM.createRoot(root).render(
  <RouterProvider
    router={router}
    fallbackElement={<BigSpinner />}
  />
);

fallbackElement 如果您不是服务器渲染您的应用程序，DataBrowserRouter 将在安装时启动所有匹配的路由加载器。 在此期间，您可以提供一个 fallbackElement 来向用户表明该应用程序正在运行

<RouterProvider
  router={router}
  fallbackElement={<SpinnerOfDoom />}
/>

Router Components

<BrowserRouter>

import * as React from "react";
import * as ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import {
  BrowserRouter
} from "react-router-dom";

const root=document.getElementById('root');
ReactDOM.createRoot(root).render(
  <HashRouter>
    {/* 你的应用程序的其余部分在这里 */}
  </HashRouter>,
);

<BrowserRouter> 使用干净的 URL 将当前位置存储在浏览器的地址栏中，并使用浏览器的内置历史堆栈进行导航

<HashRouter>

import * as React from "react";
import * as ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import {
  HashRouter
} from "react-router-dom";

const root=document.getElementById('root');
ReactDOM.createRoot(root).render(
  <HashRouter>
    {/* 你的应用程序的其余部分在这里 */}
  </HashRouter>,
);

<HashRouter> 用于 Web 浏览器，因为某些原因不应（或不能）将 URL 发送到服务器

<NativeRouter>

import * as React from "react";
import {
  NativeRouter
} from "react-router-native";

function App() {
  return (
    <NativeRouter>
      {/* 你的应用程序的其余部分在这里 */}
    </NativeRouter>
  );
}

<NativeRouter> 是在 React Native 应用程序中运行 React Router 的推荐接口

<MemoryRouter>

import * as React from "react";
import { create } from "react-test-renderer";
import {
  MemoryRouter,
  Routes,
  Route,
} from "react-router-dom";

describe("My app", () => {
  it("renders correctly", () => {
    let renderer = create(
      <MemoryRouter initialEntries={["/users/mjackson"]}>
        <Routes>
          <Route path="users" element={<Users />}>
            <Route path=":id" element={<UserProfile />} />
          </Route>
        </Routes>
      </MemoryRouter>
    );

    expect(renderer.toJSON()).toMatchSnapshot();
  });
});

<MemoryRouter> 在内部将其位置存储在一个数组中。 与 <BrowserHistory> 和 <HashHistory> 不同，它不依赖于外部源，例如浏览器中的历史堆栈。 这使得它非常适合需要完全控制历史堆栈的场景，例如测试

<Router>

<Router> 是所有路由器组件（如 <BrowserRouter> 和 <StaticRouter>）共享的低级接口。 就 React 而言，<Router> 是一个上下文提供者，它向应用程序的其余部分提供路由信息

<StaticRouter>

import * as React from "react";
import * as ReactDOMServer from "react-dom/server";
import { StaticRouter } from "react-router-dom/server";
import http from "http";

function requestHandler(req, res) {
  let html = ReactDOMServer.renderToString(
    <StaticRouter location={req.url}>
      {/* 你的应用程序的其余部分在这里 */}
    </StaticRouter>
  );

  res.write(html);
  res.end();
}

http.createServer(requestHandler)
    .listen(3000);

另见

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